Accuracy, precision, sensitivity, and resolution are all terms used in various fields, especially in science, engineering, and monitoring systems. While they are related concepts, they have distinct meanings:

Accuracy: Accuracy refers to how close a measured value is to the true or accepted value. In other words, it measures the degree of correctness of a measurement. High accuracy means that the measured values are very close to the true values. Accuracy is often expressed as a percentage or absolute value indicating the deviation from the true value.

Precision: Precision refers to the level of consistency and reproducibility of repeated measurements. It measures how close the measured values are to each other. High precision means that the measured values are tightly clustered around the average value. Precision is independent of accuracy; you can have precise measurements that are not accurate and vice versa. Precision is often expressed using statistical measures such as standard deviation or variance.

Sensitivity: Sensitivity is a measure of how well a system can detect or respond to changes in the quantity being measured. In other words, it measures the ability of a sensor or instrument to detect small changes in the input signal. High sensitivity means that the system can detect even small changes in the input. Sensitivity is often expressed as the ratio of the change in output to the change in input.

Resolution: Resolution refers to the smallest detectable change in the quantity being measured. It is the smallest increment of input signal that can be detected or distinguished by a measurement system. Higher resolution means that the measurement system can detect smaller changes in the input signal. Resolution is typically expressed in units of measurement or as a fraction of the full-scale range of the measurement system.

In summary, accuracy relates to how close measurements are to the true value, precision relates to the consistency of measurements, sensitivity relates to the ability to detect small changes, and resolution relates to the smallest detectable change in the measured quantity.